Friday, December 27, 2019

Essay about police service - 704 Words

What do you think the key role of the police service is and what skills do you bring to the service to execute that role? The key role of the police is to prevent criminal activity to occur in society. This is demonstrated through the use of detecting criminal behaviour, investigating crime and stopping individuals or groups that create a threat to others. Police enforce the law to provide safety and a sense of security. The key role of the police service is to maintain social order through the guidelines of legislations and government policies to enable a safe environment for society to live in. I think Police service requires officers to engage in other communities, treating them equally as any other. This is because it is essential†¦show more content†¦This is done through police investigation whereby police may patrol the streets via walking, driving, or riding a bicycle. Police investigate crimes such as break and enter, property theft, domestic violence, and malicious damage. By investigating and solving criminal offences in the community, the police are giving protection to others and maintaining social order. The skill that would be used effectively to execute this role is to talk to the offender about the situation and using good negotiation skills, treating him with respect or use reasonable amount of force if necessary depending on the situation. Good negotiation skills may be extremely effective when resolving disputes between neighbours or family members. This skill is important in carrying out policing duties because if society is treated with respect, you will also be treated with respect. If officers do not have the power to arrest, it would be difficult for police to keep society safe from criminals and offenders as they may re-offend. A key role of the police is to be honest, respectful and a trustworthy person. This is important because you may need to work with officers you have never met before. For them to trust you it may be important to share information. At all times truth must be told, as police matters may result in court hearings, and it is only the truth that can distinguish between whether a person is innocent or guilty. In response to this I would behave with discipline andShow MoreRelatedThe Police Service And Police Services1496 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, once stated â€Å"All parts of the society need to feel that the police service is their police service, and that does not happen unless all parts of society are represented in the police.† (Higgins, 2014) For those of us that have lived in the United States, the notion of having females in our police force is no longer a subject of major controversy. In other countries like Afghanistan, the incorporation of females into the police fo rce is a new occurrence and is undergoing heavy resistance. FemaleRead MoreA Report On The Police Service1446 Words   |  6 Pagesmy third and fourth session of my practicum with Constable Dwayne Harrison and Constable Paul Davis. Both members of the Lethbridge Regional Police Service (LRPS) are in the patrol unit; responding to calls and investigating. Patrol work is broad, responding to calls that mostly consist of theft, mischief, and domestic. It defines the police as a public service and making the public happy to have someone to solve their problems. The first stop Harrison and I made was in the industrial area, in-responseRead MorePolice Service And Criminal Justice1369 Words   |  6 Pageswas a property damage and drug related offence involving the accused, Mr T and the Queensland Police Service. Both parties appeared either personally or by their lawyers. Although the offences in this matter were indictable, the trial could be dealt with before a magistrate. The matter was heard before His Honour Magistrate Aaron Simpson. The attendees present included: Senior Constable M, the police prosecutor; Ms O, the defendant’s lawyer; and the accused Mr T. The matter firstly heard allRead MoreThe Police Service Dog Unit966 Words   |  4 PagesAs the City of Thornton and the Police Department expands in population, further develops, and calls for service increase, it is critical that we continue to improve one of our most valuable assets; the Police Service Dog Unit. In my experience and having researched this topic exte nsively, I have found that the key to success within the unit is a quality training program lead by a core handler/trainer. Historically, our agency has relied on an Arvada Police Department K9 Trainer Bill Delay to fulfillRead MoreEvaluation Of The Calgary Police Service2048 Words   |  9 Pagesorganizations, teams, or communities. The Calgary Police Service is divided into sections based on your role. It is important to understand the different sections within the Calgary Police Service since they may differ slightly in policies and procedures. Even district to district changes slightly due to the difference in geographical location and demographics. It is important to understand the policies and procedures, so officers can provide exceptional service. As well as, building relationships withinRead MoreWaterloo Regional Police Service2421 Words   |  10 Pages1. Is CIMS still the right answer (sharing information across the PRIDE police agencies)? Is this vision too grandiose for police agencies to embrace at this time? Should PRIDE agencies continue to expend effort and resources (demanding more com plicated system requirements) to work toward this information sharing goal? Should WRPS follow the â€Å"I’ll have what she’s having† strategy and simply select the same solution as the other PRIDE agencies? a. The answer depends on a few factors that are notRead MoreA Brief Note On Criminology And Police Service2327 Words   |  10 PagesGovernment brought with it a dramatic and wide-ranging financial restrictions which affected all areas of the public sector. One area which criminology and police knowledge is interested in are those that have effected the Home Office and therefore the police service. The restrictions have had a far reaching effect to many areas of the police service, which will be highlighted at the beginning of the essay, however it will be concentrating on the specific aspect of the fearful reductions in PCSOs andRead MoreThe Police Department Is Responsible For Providing Police Services For Over 55.6 Square Miles1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe City of Gulfport, Mississippi has an approximate population of 80,000 and a daily population of over 144,000. The Gulfport Police Department is responsible for providing police services for over 55.6 square miles. The departm ent is made up of 67 sworn personnel and 57 civilian personnel. Our department provides patrol services, traffic enforcement, criminal investigations, narcotics investigations, community and intelligence led policing initiatives, an R.U.O.K program that checks on the elderlyRead MoreThe New York City Police Department Youth Services Section836 Words   |  3 Pages For my youth program I have selected the New York City Police Department Youth services section. The NYPD has eight different tactics to approach youth ranging from at risk youth to youths who are thinking of coming a police officer. First, one of the most progressive programs the NYPD offers a cricket and soccer league, this league is for 14 to 19 year olds. Cricket and soccer’s are not part of the three large American sport, but they are two of the most played gamesRead MoreUnit 17 Police Powers In The Uniformed Public Services5676 Words   |  23 Pagesan Assignment Brief front sheet. Learner name: Jessica Mather Assessor name: Gill Draper Issue date: 11/11/2014 Submission date: 21/11/2014 Submitted on: 21/11/2014 Programme: Extended Diploma in Uniformed Public Services Unit: Unit 17 Police Powers in the Public Services Assignment reference and title: Unit 17, Task 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 Please list the evidence submitted for each task. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found or describe the nature of the evidence (e.g

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Impact Of Globalization On The Global Economy - 1355 Words

Globalization is interpreted in a variety of different ways. One way is that it introduces opportunities which further develops regions to progress and prosper in the global economy. In many cases globalization means the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. The world is moving away from self-contained national economies and toward an interdependent, integrated global economy. There is an insurmountable amount of ways to impact globalization but some include trade, people movement, communication and technology. In all cases, globalization increases the connectivity between cultures and nations, which helps accelerate advancements in society. Also, in a business tense, globalization leads to the creation of global customers as well as connecting the global market together. Many people ask the question, â€Å"is it possible to have a compatibility of profits with people and planet?† To answer this question, yes it is possible, but in order to do so com panies need a goal of sustainability. Three factors lead to sustainability. People, planet and profit. All of these rely on fair business practices and beneficial environment practices. In order for a company reach sustainability, they will need to restructure the framework to a more sufficient one. This will allow people, planet, and profit to co-exist with one another and allow the company to prosper. This is a major thought for multinational companies to consider when they set up international operations.Show MoreRelatedImpact Of Globalization On The Global Economy1803 Words   |  8 Pagesinvestments and production in the global market. The development of Technology through the industrial revolution, is one the most significant factors behind globalisation. Globalisations removes the limits to business, the trade of goods and services worldwide. This allows business cooperation’s to expand in foreign markets. Global trade is a powerful force that has been made possible t hrough the process of globalisation, and has opened up the gates to the global economy. There are many advantages andRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Global Economy1452 Words   |  6 PagesMany goods and services have increased, because of worldwide trading throughout the past years. Australia is linked into the global economy due to exchanges being made between nations and technology being better than ever, as it is quicker, faster and easier to communicate with potential customers. These are just some of the reasons why Australia is linked in to the global economy. Globalisation over the past 30 years Globalisation has changed over the past 30 years due to changes made between technologyRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The Global Economy1107 Words   |  5 Pagesglobalisation indicates that the world development may be more sustainable. †¢ Political relations and the global environmental have become successfully intertwined, an increase in the global economic incorporation (Martens and Raza, 2016). Globalisation has resulted in: †¢ increased international trade †¢ a company operating in more than one country †¢ greater dependence on the global economy †¢ freer movement of capital, goods, and services †¢ recognition of companies such as McDonalds and StarbucksRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Global Economy2029 Words   |  9 PagesOver the last number of years, it could be said that the growth in the global economy has increased a vast amount and is rapidly continuing in this direction. The world as we know it is now becoming progressively more connected through a process called Globalisation. Grossman and Helpman (1993) say that there are two main trends too which are key contributors that help make up this process of globalisation. The first of these being the advancement in technology innovations and secondly followingRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On Organizations At The Global Economy1351 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The impact of globalization has largely affected the way organizations operate in the global economy over the past years. We moved form an era of local competition to an era of global competition, meaning that companies need to constantly innovate and find new ways to sustain competitive advantage. Internal and external forces in the environment have driven HRM from a maintenance and record-keeping function to a source of sustained competitive advantage for organizations competingRead MoreGlobalization : A World Wide Movement Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is a phenomenon, a world wide movement where nations and communities come together and form a network. Throughout the course we explored the integration and interdependence of various nations, which ultimately shapes world affairs on a global level.Evidently, growth of the developing countries is the main cause of globalization and it brings both opportunities and disadvantages to them. There are numerous ways in which globalization has impacted the world today.The course also createdRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Global Integration1476 Words   |  6 PagesGLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. Generally, globalization has affected many nations in various ways; economically, politically, and socially. It is a term that refers to the fast integration and interdependence of various nations, which shapes the world affairs on a global level. GlobalizationRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on International Business Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages............3 What is Globalization....................................................4 The engines for Globalizations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Globalization’s impacts on international business†¦..7 The road ahead for international business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Introduction Every day we hear it on the news, read it in the papers, overhear people talking about it†¦ and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a differentRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Globalization on South Africa767 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is the shrinking of the world and the increased consciousness of the world as a whole. It is a term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that is a result of dramatically increased cross-border trade, investment, and cultural exchange. Globalization has been dominated by the nation-state, national economies, and national cultural identities. The new form of globalization is an interconnected world and global mass culture, often referred to as a global villageRead MoreGlobalization : The World Of Politics And The Human Population1648 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization influences many aspects of human life, it is a process of change, the process of collaboration and integration am ong the people and businesses of different nations, it is a process propelled by trade, investment and technology. The process of globalization has great purpose for bring people together and sharing ideas however, it has effects on the environment, culture, the economy, politics and the human population (Globalization 101). Globalization has effected the environment due

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Competitive Strategy Options and Games

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy for Options and Games. Answer: Introduction: The company is known for its handcrafted concert grand pianos in the world. The pianos are used by most esteemed musicians in the world. Approximately half of the sales are generated from orchestral and band instruments. One of its Subsidiary named Selmer is considered as the number one manufacturer of the band instruments in US which include Bach trumpets, saxophones and Ludewig drums. The company has offered three product lines of pianos sold in three expensive ranges namely the elite Steinway, new lower priced Essex and mid priced Boston through its 10 company owned showrooms and 200 independent dealers in the world. The musical instruments are sold to wide range of customers such as amateur, students professionals and educational institutions (Steinway and Sons, 2017). The net sales in the year 2013 is $76.8 million as compared to $78 million in the year 2012. The net income of the company is $2.7 million and earnings per diluted share at $0.21 for the year 2013 in comparison to net income of $0.6 million and earning per diluted share of $0.05 in the year 2012. Besides thisthere is an increase of 4 timews in the earning per share and the gross profit for the company has increased by 85% in the year 2013. In addition to this, there is also an increase in the production capabilities of the company in the year 2013. The sales of piano are influenced by different business environment factors such as demographic trends, economic conditions and interest of customers in music and art (Steinway Musical Instruments Inc, 2013). A slight change in the sales of piano has a significant impact on the operating results of the company. The company has emphasize on providing high quality products to itd customers and has not compromise with the prices of piano. The company has adopted skimming pricing strategy in order to attract more number of customers by providing innovative and high quality pianos to its customers. The purchase of Steinway piano indicates high cultural taste and a sign of high achievement. Majority of the classical music concerts make a use of Steinway concert grand piano for decades. The high market share at classical music concerts has not resulted in the overall high market share for Steinway and Sons (Steinway, 2017). The buyers of Steinway and Sons are considered as belonging to high class and status in the society as it targets music lovers or the people who have a great interest in music and art. Although 95% of the concerts are performed on Steinway piano, but it grabbed less than 10% of the market share in the world. Yamaha is the direct competitor of Steinway. The company has adopted a strategy to provide high quality piano products to its customers due to which Steinway and piano is used synonymously by its customers (Noonan, 2013). The company emphasized on selling high quality products through its own outlets and network of independent dealers in other countries. The company has encountered competition from low cost producer in Japan in 1970s although it has strong reputation and brand image in the market, the business was not profitable. The company has build strong relations with different overseas manufacturers for the purpose of designing of the pianos to be sold to entry level students. In addition to this, the company has also linked their manufacturing strategy with a sourcing strategy in Asia (Leonard, 2007). In addition to this, the company has also established its own quality assurance committee for the purpose of evaluation of the instruments provided by suppliers from other countries. The strong relationships with music educators have helped in increasing the sales of the band and orchestra products of the company through word of mouth publicity which helps in enhancing the distribution strategy of the company. The company is considered as the leader in the manufacturing of the musical instruments by capitalizing on strong brand names, strong distribution networks and quality products (Wurtzler, 2008). The company has also make a shift from batch processing to single piece production in order to enhance the quality of the product and provide customized products to its customers in order to gain high level of customer satisfaction. It is found out that increase in the competition in the market has provided various choices to customers due to which, the company has introduced two product ranges in order to penetrate in the market of Asia as customers are not willing to pay high prices for the grand piano offered by the company (Owsinski, 2013). The mission of the company is to make connections with different cultures existed in different countries by the way of providing high quality music, visual and performing arts, craftsmanship and film and television. The company focuses on bringing differentiation in its products by keeping high quality in order to meet the needs of niche market (Slack and Parent, 2006). There is also a growth of the market in Asia for which the company needs to provide high quality products at low or reasonable prices in order to capture the Asian market. The company has established the standard quality of the pianos and other musical instruments by the way of adoption of the production control system for the purpose of reducing the cost of the product. The company provides new features in its products in terms of sound quality in order to meet the customized needs of the customers. The company should also extend its product portfolio by bringing new products in the musical instrument category in order to fulfill the demands of untapped customers (Bennett, 2013). This has resulted in an increase in the sales and profitability of the company and thereby improves its image among the customers. The company has incorporated new technologies and materials to bring innovation in the musical instruments offered by the company such as piano, and band and orchestra instruments. Innovation in the product helps in improving the features of the product such as stability, durability, touch and tone. The company promotes its products by the way of concerts and promotion of musical education in different educational institutes (Yusuf, et al. 2008). Changes in the market of Steinway in next five years There is a downturn in the musical instrument industry due to which there is a decline of 40% in the sales of piano across the globe. The main reason behind the decline in the sales is increased demand of low budget electronic keyboard and increased concern of people towards considering computer as an entertainment device. It is essential for the company to manufacture best piano in terms of quality and sold it at low price to the customers in order to create value for them (Kinahan, 2016). The company is using the craft method for the purpose of desuigning of the piano in place of assembly line technique which resulted in low volume and low profits for the company. In the next five years, there would be a change in the tastes and preferences of the customers due to introduction of new information technology in the industry. It is required by the company to adopt new technology and aligned it with the strategies adopted by the company to increase the sales and demand of the pianos sold by it (Cofnas, 2016). Nowadays, companies bring innovation in the musical instruments by the way of bringing digital pianos with CD recorders and real wooden keys at affordable prices. In addition to this, the companies in the industry also make a use of different materials such as slow close fall boards, hard finish music desks, aluminum action rails and carbon fiber with ABS composite in piano actions. This results in increasing the demand for piano products in the market as these are available at low prices with high quality as compared to the pianos marketed by Steinway and Sons. In order to remain competitive in the market, it is necessary for the company to bring innovative features in its products in order to attract more number of customers and gain an increase in its sales and profits (Back, et al. 2005). In addition to this, the company might also diversify its product range from the development of pianos to development of computer music software as there is a change occur in the technology and preferences of the customers. Nowadays, the computer music software helps in making music compositions and helps in promotion of music through lectures and concerts. Nowadays, companies are using different promotional techniques for the purpose of spreading awareness about the musical instruments offered by them in order to gain competitive advantage such as organizing different learning programs so as to assist childhood development and opening of music schools and learning centers (Fox, 2016). This helped in attracting potential customers towards the products offered by the company. Nowadays, there is a huge demand of live music performances as the introduction of information technology has resulted in the threat to the music industry by providing pirated music recordings. This has reduced the revenue of the musicians. Nowadays, musicians earned revenue from their live performances in different music concerts. This would lead in increased demand for musical instruments such as piano and other band and orchestra instruments (Roignant and Trigeorgis, 2011). Emergence of digital and online technologies has a significant impact on the music and performances given by musicians. Live performances by musicians is being in demand in the industry by customers as it has helped in providing various visual effects that are considered as the means of entertainment by the customers. It is required by the organization to bring changes in the musical instruments in a new form or made modifications in the existing products in order to remain competitive in the market. Technology has played an important role in bringing changes in the features of musical instruments in terms of quality of sound produced by them (Wise, 2010). It is necessary for the company to keep a track record of the changes taking place in the preferences of customers in order to provide them the musical instrument as per their needs and demands in order to attain high level of customer satisfaction. Nowadays, only one instrument is sufficient for providing orchestra performances in the concerts as that musical instrument has the feature of providing different sounds needed to make the musical performance enjoyable for the customers. Besides this, nowadays, musicians prefer small musical instruments that can be easily carried by them at the concert and can freely give the live performance to customers so that they can enjoy the musical concert (Glenner, 2016). There are several options that can be adopted by the company in order to sustain in the market and achieve competitive advantage. The company might launch a new version of piano that is digitalized and make different sounds as per the needs of the customers. It is required by the company to adopt cost leadership strategy in which the company can provide high quality pianos and other musical instruments at low cost or reasonable prices which helps in increasing its customer base and market share in the country (Wade, 2014). Besides this, the company might enter into the Asian countries as there is an increase in the growth of the music industry which provides huge opportunities for the company to sell its products. In addition to this, the company might enter in the Asian market by collaborating with different marketing organizations and suppliers in order to promote the products in the market. This helps in creating a positive brand image of the products and company in the minds of customers (Frith, 2004). The company might also sponsor different events for the purpose of increasing the awareness of the products offered by the company among students through different health campaigns and other events. The company can embrace new technology in manufacturing of the musical instruments for the purpose of providing new features in the product such as digital piano. Provision of digital piano to customers helps them to create new sound effects in their live performances and helps in improving the performance of different musical performances. It is requisite for the company to adopt automated and assembly line processes for the manufacturing of the musical instruments. This helps in increasing the overall productivity of the company (Jones and Wills, 2009). The company might diversify its products and offer products and services related to semi conductor, audio sound and music. In addition to this, it can also provide different golf products for the purpose of reducing the competition rivalry present in the market. There is a need for the company to make investments in research and development for the purpose of generating in-house technology such as sensory technology, digital signal processing technology for the purpose of creating value for customers by providing innovative musical instruments. In addition to this, the company should include the features of adjusting the volume and sound in the instruments so that customers can generate the sound effects appropriate for their situations. This aids in increasing the customer base of the company (Blick, 2011). Besides the digital piano, the company might also offer acoustic piano with different features inbuilt in it such as soundboard, strings, actions, hammer and a controller that helps in controlling the volume and output in a well manner. Along with this, a feature that can be included in guitar is involvement of a device in the guitar that vibrates along with the digital sound source. This facilitates in fulfilling the needs of the customers related to provision of sound effects by different musical instruments. The company should adopt the Acoustic Resonance Enhancement technology which aids in aging the wood material used in different musical instruments for the purpose of providing better quality of sound produced by the instruments as per the requirements of the customers (Ramanujam and Tacke, 2016). In order to enter into a new market, the company can adopt many strategies such as mergers and Acquisitions, jloint venture for the purpose of sustain in the market. These strategic options facilitates in gaining knowledge regarding the changes occurred in different factors of business environment which in turn help the company to formulate new strategies to remain competitive in the market (Radjou, Prabhu and Ahuja, 2012). It is requisite for the company to differentiate its products from other players in the market by including new features which might help in fulfilling the unmet needs of the customers for which they are ready to pay premium prices. In addition to this, it is also required by the company to adopt such processes and procedures in manufacturing of the musical instruments that can help in reducing the overall cost of the product so that it can be transferred to customers. This helped in increasing the demand for the products offered by the company in the market which results in increasing the sales and profits of the company (Nelson, 2015). It is also required by the company to receive feedback from the customers regarding the products and services they have purchased from the company in order to keep a track record of the changes taking place in the preferences of the customers and provide them high quality customized products. This helps in achieving high level of customer satisfaction. It is also requisite for the company to establish a communication platform where customers can interact with the companys professionals for the purpose of handling of the objections of customers in a proper manner for the purpose of retaining the customers. The company should make efforts to reduce its costs as there is an increase in the competition from various firms at the global level (Stevens, Loudon and Wrenn, 2006). The private sector is making cuts in capital expenditure made on the musical instruments. Besides this, there is a huge demand of low cost musical instruments as there is an increased demand of music and musical instruments in the developing economies such as China. The main reason behind it is that there is an increase in the middle income population in Asia. Nowadays, companies are using social media for the purpose of promoting its products. Thids is why it is essential for the company to make investments in advertising and promotion through the use of social media or sponsoring of different events which results in attracting more and more customers towards the company (Ferrell and Hartline, 2013). It is required by the organization to expand its business operations in developing economies as sales in developed economies will decline in the future. There is an increased demand of digital piano in the emerging economies due to which the company should make agreements with domestic players of emerging economies in order to grab a large market share in the countries. In addition to achieve a large market share in the piano business there is a need of reviewing of the volume of the operations and different functions for the purpose of bring structural reforms in the piano division by the company (Gillin and Schwartzman, 2010). Besides this, the parts which are used to manufacture piano should be sourced from local vendors in different countries which leads to decline in overall costs bear by the company. The company is required to provide high quality pianos at affordable prices in different countries in which it plans to expand its business such as China in order to achieve succes s in the market (Whiteley, 2016). Conclusion It can be concluded that Steinway and Sons is the company that offers piano and other band and orchestra instruments to its customers that ranges from high class musicians to entry level students. Nowadays, changes have been occurred in different business environmental factors due to which it is required by the business to make appropriate changes in its process, procedures and policies in order to attract large number of customers. The company did not reduce the prices of piano and still manufacture the traditional pianos due to which it has low sales and profits. It is essential for the company to reduce its overall cost of the products by implementing different new technologies (Manning, 2013). This can be achieved by making investments in research and development department for the purpose of providing low cost musical instruments to its customers. Along with this, the company can also introduce various variants of piano in the market such as digital piano for the purpose of providing new features to the customers so that more number of customers are attracted towards the product. The company should also build strong relations with its suppliers and customers by getting feedback on the products offered by the company which in turn helps in making required changes in the products in order to remain competitive in the market (Strange and Strange, 2001). The strategic position of the company is not so strong as it has not made investment in research and development and do not make the changes in the processes and procedures due to which the customers switched to its competitors such as Yamaha, Kimball and so on. It is necessary for the company to reduce its cost of producing musical instruments in order to capture the untapped market. The company should enter into Asian market as there is a steady growth for musical instruments in the developing economies but it is required by the company to provide high quality products to its customers at low prices as there is an existence of middle income population in these countries (Peng, 2008). The company might enter into the market by the way of joint ventures and mergers and acquisitions with small local players in the market. It can also be concluded that the company is required to adopt new technology which helps in enhancing the overall productivity of the company. There is a need for the company to procure the parts of the instruments from the local vendors of the country which helps in reducing the overall cost of the product and benefits can be transferred to the customers for the purpose of gaining high level of customer satisfaction. Thus it can be concluded that the company has to adopt new technologies and make structural reforms in the piano division for the purpose of gaining increased sales and profits. The current strategy of providing pianos at increased or high prices is not appropriate as there is an increased competition from its key competitors which offers the products at low cost. In order to remain competitive in the market, there is a requirement o f bringing innovation in the product for the purpose of attracting more number of customers (Dean, 2009). References Back, A. et al. 2005. Putting Knowledge Networks into Action: Methodology, Development, Maintenance. Springer Science Business Media. Bennett, D.D.E. 2013. Understanding the Classical Music Profession: The Past, the Present and Strategies for the Future. Ashgate Publishing. Blick, D. 2011. The Ultimate Small Business Marketing Book. FilamentPublishing Ltd. Cofnas, A. 2016. Trading Binary Options: Strategies and Tactics. John Wiley Sons. Dean, R.T. 2009. The Oxford Handbook of Computer Music. Oxford University Press. Ferrell, O.C. and Hartline, M. 2013. Marketing Strategy, Text and Cases. Cengage Learning. Fox, J. 2016. How To Lead A Quest: A Handbook for Pioneering Executives. John Wiley Sons. Frith, S. 2004. Popular Music: Music and society, Volume 1. Psychology Press. Gillin, P. and Schwartzman, E. 2010. Social Marketing to the Business Customer: Listen to Your B2B Market, Generate Major Account Leads, and Build Client Relationships. John Wiley Sons. Glenner, M. 2016. Plus Change: Genesis of innovation. LID Editorial. Jones, K. and Wills, J. 2009. The American West: Competing Visions. Edinburgh University Press. Kinahan, J.J. 2016. Essential Option Strategies: Understanding the Market and Avoiding Common Pitfalls. John Wiley Sons. Leonard, M. 2007. Gender in the Music Industry: Rock, Discourse and Girl Power. Ashgate Publishing. Manning, P. 2013. Electronic and Computer Music. Oxford University Press. Nelson, A.J. 2015. The sound of innovation: Stanford and the Computer Music. MIT Press. Noonan, C. 2013. Black and gold go green: Steinway Sons' road to sustainability. [Online]. Available at: https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2013/02/22/black-and-gold-go-green-steinway-sons-journey-sustainability [Accessed on: 3 February 2017]. Owsinski, B. 2013. The Mixing Engineer's Handbook, Third Edition. Cengage Learning. Peng, M.W. 2008. Global Strategy. Cengage Learning. Radjou, N., Prabhu, J. and Ahuja, S. 2012. Jugaad Innovation: Think Frugal, Be Flexible, Generate Breakthrough Growth. John Wiley Sons. Ramanujam, M. and Tacke, G. 2016. Monetizing Innovation: How Smart Companies Design the Product Around the Price. John Wiley Sons. Roignant, B.C. and Trigeorgis, L. 2011. Competitive Strategy: Options and Games. MIT Press. Slack, T. and Parent, M.M. 2006. Understanding Sport Organizations: The Application of Organization Theory. Human Kinetics. Steinway and Sons. 2017. About us. [Online]. Available at: https://www.steinway.com/about [Accessed on: 3 February 2017]. Steinway Musical Instruments Inc. 2013. Financial Report. [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwim4uD__vPRAhULOY8KHex_A_gQFggbMAEurl=http%3A%2F%2Fphx.corporate-ir.net%2FExternal.File%3Fitem%3DUGFyZW50SUQ9MTg1MDAzfENoaWxkSUQ9LTF8VHlwZT0z%26t%3D1usg=AFQjCNHPPLBCainIX_zJ-Bj_qur2ajYspwbvm=bv.146094739,d.c2I [Accessed on: 3 February 2017]. Steinway. 2017. About us. [Online]. Available at: https://steinway.com.au/about/ [Accessed on: 3 February 2017]. Stevens, R.E., Loudon, D.L. and Wrenn, B. 2006. Marketing Planning Guide. Psychology Press. Strange, P. and Strange, A. 2001. The Contemporary Violin: Extended Performance Techniques. Rowman Littlefield. Wade, B.C. 2014. Composing Japanese Musical Modernity. University of Chicago Press. Whiteley, S. 2016. The Oxford Handbook of Music and Virtuality. Oxford University Press. Wise, J.M. 2010. Cultural Globalization: A User's Guide. John Wiley Sons. Wurtzler, S.J. 2008. Electric Sounds: Technological Change and the Rise of Corporate Mass Media. Columbia University Press. Yusuf, S. et al. 2008. Growing Industrial Clusters in Asia: Serendipity and Science. World Bank Publications.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Noel Gallaghers High Flying Birds free essay sample

On the 13th of February, I attended a Noel Gallagher concert. I had an amazing night. Noel played all of his solo album Noel Gallaghers High Flying Birds 1.Everybodys on the run 2.Dream On 3.If I Had A Gun 4.The Death Of You And Me 5.(I Wanna Live A Dream In My) Record Machine 6.AKA What A Life 7.Soldier Boys And Jesus Freaks 8.AKA Broken Arrow 9.(Stranded On) The Wrong Beach 10.Stop The Clocks 11.The Good Rebel 12.Alone On The Rope and some well known Oasis songs, 1.Dont Look Back In Anger 2.(Its Good)To Be Free (oasis cover) 3.Mucky Fingers 4.Freaky Teeth 5.Supersonic 6.Talk Tonight 7.Half The World Away 8.Whatever 9.Little By Little 10.The Importance Of Being Idle The crowd were very participant on the night. I seem to recall quite a few Liam Gallagher look a likes on the night, you know, the duffle coat, glasses, haircut etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Noel Gallaghers High Flying Birds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At one point, somewhere in the standing area, somebody at the front chucked beer to people way behind them and then the people way behind, chucked some back, they must of got drenched. Noel Gallagher played brilliantly on the night. I dont think hes got quite used to being a front man yet but Im sure hell get there. Im glad he used his electric guitar at times and played some guitar solos too. The highlight of the night was when he played Dont Look Back In Anger. Everyone in the ENTIRE arena was stood up with their hands in the air singing the most famous line So sally can wait. Everyone thoroughly enjoyed that including myself. All in all, it was a great night and I hope one time, I can see him perform again, if you havent booked tickets this time round, book them next time because it is well worth the money.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

And the SAT Obsessions Continues free essay sample

A discussion of Nicholas Lemanns view on the SAT test This paper presents a detailed description and discussion about the SATs. The writer focuses on the expertise of Nicholas Lemann to draw comparisons and conclusions about the SAT and its place in society, colleges and class distinctions. While Lemann has tried to correlate the test use growth with the attempt to bring forth women and minorities detractors say he has failed. Lemann also details the evolutionary events that lead to the test and the detractors claim he leaps to far from point to point. While critics are quick to point out what they believe to be holes in Lemanns theory those who follow his beliefs insist they are valid. Each person has to look at the points Lemann makes and weigh it against what they believe to be the case. In this day of SAT scores being the most important factor to college acceptance it is hard to understand why detractors claim he is wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on And the SAT Obsessions Continues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The college entrance system has a ranking that is heavily based on the scores a student achieves on the SATS. The SATS are achievement based, in both the verbal and the math portions. It is well known that there are areas of the nation in which students are not being given the advantages that students in other area high schools are given. Those students are usually minority groups. It is not a far leap from that already proven fact to the idea that the SAT has created an elite club with membership reserved for white middle class students only. Whether it was done on purpose is the only thing debatable and it doesnt really matter. It needs to be fixed.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Minimum Wage Essays - Labour Economics, Employment Compensation

Minimum Wage Essays - Labour Economics, Employment Compensation Minimum Wage An increase now will boost income for the poorest workers without the danger of creating more unemployment., states the New York Times in September 1999. Is this statement about an increase in minimum wage really true? There are two sides to the debate about minimum wage that both hold valid points. The minimum wage is a major issue in the world of economics and politics. Political figures often prey on the publics general ignorance of economics and promise to increase the minimum wage. Economists ,on the other hand, view the long term effects and see the damage it can cause. David Card and Alan Kruegur, two economists at Princeton University conducted a study in April 1992 on New Jerseys 18% minimum wage increase while Pennsylvanias minimum wage remained the same. They measured the change in employment in the states fast food restaurants between February and December that year. Card and Kruegur found that the number of jobs grew in restaurants where pay had to rise, compared with those already paying more than minimum was and compared with joints in neighboring Pennsylvania, where the minimum did not change. The study also found no difference between high- and low- wage states. Most people would be delighted to here the above. They would receive more money and their standard of living would increase. But most people do not take into account the negative side effects of increasing the minimum wage. The survey taken by Card and Kruegur was done over the telephone. Fellow economists charge that the questions were vague and errors crept into the numbers. Another study was done using the businesses payrolls found that New Jersey fared far worse than Pennsylvania. Positive effects of the minimum wage can be the obvious; more money for people. They would have more money to spend , the economy would boom and everyone would be happy. Not so; in fact, this would only encourage inflation and increase prices. Money become lesser in value and producers would have no choice but to raise prices in order to make profit. Another negative aspect of raising the minimum wage is unemployment rising. Supply of workers would exceed the demand for workers. Employers would only be able to hire a lesser number of workers. It may also influence teenagers to leave school for a high paying job and make it more difficult for teenagers looking for work to find jobs. Low skilled workers would be left without jobs, seeing as how it only make sense to hire the higher skilled worker verses the lower skilled worker. The minimum wage debate is a touchy issue among many economists and political figures. While there are some positives aspects, the negative far out away the positives.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Consider a product from your Marketplace firm Essay

Consider a product from your Marketplace firm - Essay Example nternational market, the company has realized that most of its potential customers prefer its products to those of its competitors as a result of the increased features and confidence in the product. Additionally, the pricing strategy of the company’s products has been seen to wage a stiff war against its bitter rivals (Pride and Ferrell 490). After a close scrutiny by the sales agents, the company ascertains that the biggest numbers of its customers are attracted to its products as a result of their reliable nature and quality of output. The limited complains got from the customers’ side and their praise of the products gives the senior management of the company confidence that they are in a position of offering their customers with the value for their money. Although the company’s products have been found to receive varying demand, the company has a strong market share in comparison to its rival companies. Therefore, the management is deliberating on the best w ay of pushing the product to make it perform better against others in the market, owing to the huge market share â€Å"OnTech† enjoys. Therefore, they feel compelled to conclude that they give customers the value for their money. Contemplating on offering promotional prices and discounts, the company seeks to capture more customers through these methods. Additionally, aggressive advertising by the company on the features and advantages of the products is another way â€Å"TifeTech† will close the gap between it and the best performing

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

THe Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

THe Marketing Plan - Essay Example The company’s major challenge is to develop means of increasing the profits and revenue without altering the demands of their customers and meeting their demands effectively. A SWOT analysis of the company’s strengths and weakness and external opportunities and threats has formed the basis of this marketing plan. This plan focuses on the company’s strategic growth plan, suggest ways to improve profits and revenues and enhance customer relationship through delivery of quality service to the customers to ensure continuity of the business. It also focuses on strategies of developing new products and marketing the products to different market niches that will provide increased sales to the company. Background Venus Software Company came into existence five years ago. It began as a small business that supported the development of Small and Micro Enterprises systems that enable easy management of business. Apparently, it is corporate software development organization. That develops systems for medium and large organizations. For the past five years, the organization has undergone evolution to a marketer of quality and customized made software products that supports all organizations. Sales have gradually grown in the past five years allowing the organization to work on its expansion mechanisms to meet its growing number of customers. The organization is also committed to giving back to the community by undertaking the social responsibilities. General Objectives The overall objective is to produce a marketing plan that would meet the explicitly defined organizations requirements, adhere to recognized standards and be within the organization budgetary and time constraints. Specific Objectives To analyze on the methods and techniques of marketing. To develop a time plan that meets the organization demands and is within the budget. To document all the finding in the development of the marketing plan. TargetMarket. The organization focuses on keeping its commitment to the provision of service and quality products to its customers. This has enabled the organization to develop and implement a differentiation strategy that enable it produce products that is different from the competitors, thus allowing it to have a competitive advantage over a diverse market. Through this differentiation, the organization has been able gain greater annual returns that have enabled it to develop to its current state. The targeted market includes small and medium size enterprises that deal with both manufacturers and retailers. Its biggest revenue earner is software that helps businesses keep track of the records of tractions between the small business, manufacturers and retailers for efficacy. The system has a robust database keep track of all transactions, provide notices in cases of bad and incomplete transactions. It also provides reports to the businesses thus enabling them to under their business. It also provides a means of communication betwe en the trading parties, in cases of shortage of supplies. Current marketing objectives Venus Software Company relies on current customers and potential customer. They give phone call to the potential customers and provide prototype to the customers for demonstration. Once the customer accepts, then specification from the customer obtained and the software customized according to the customer requirements. The customized product is then shipped to

Sunday, November 17, 2019

How to employ decision making theories as part of being an advanced Essay

How to employ decision making theories as part of being an advanced practitioner in critical care, compare and contrast theories - Essay Example Much technological evolution has taken place in the critical care segment which provides potential for significant improvement in health care. The key to good decision making is the understanding of existing demands of critical care and the ability to predict the likely effects of changing capacity and organization (Montgomery, Lipshitz and Brehmer, 2005). The changing capacity and organization can be measured by using a historical data and validating them with models at the individual level. Practitioners make important clinical decisions that have a great impact on the patient’s care and the performance of the nurses as well (Young, 2008). Changes in the technology development, health care settings and new methods of patient care have increased the importance of clinical decision making. In order to take care of patients, clinical decision making is widely used by nurses and practitioners. Clinical decision making is a phenomenon that is frequently used in many areas of prac tice which involves stages of patient assessment, determining, accepting or rejecting the diagnosis, and selecting the best care strategies for patients (Standing, 2008). Critical care is different from other areas of nursing and thus the importance of clinical decision making increases (Chapman and Sonnenberg, 2003). Nurses are dealing with patients whose conditions change rapidly. So time is a limitation in this case (Chitty, 2005). A recent study shows that nurse make decisions in every 30 seconds about one of the following incidents; nursing interventions, communicating information and evaluating the patient’s conditions (Rycroft-Malone and Bucknall, 2010). So decision making for them is dynamic and unpredictable. The Process of Decision-Making Clinical decision making requires the early development of hypothesis diagnosis (Ramezani-Badr, Nasrabadi, Nikbakht, Zohre and Taleghani, 2009). The further data collection will be aimed at either approving or disproving the diagno sis. Specialist practitioners are generally trained to think in a particular way. They use the evidence based system to in their decision making process (King, Duke and O’Connor, 2009). Medical evidence is not normally concerned with broader patient concerns but accepting it routinely influences clinical recommendations (Chiappelli, 2010). However, this does not preclude that additional information is not needed in order to provide a more complete profile of each patient. The diverse nature of information is potentially valuable as well as the quality of interaction between the team members (McGloin and Mcleod, 2010). Team decisions are expected to arrive at decision routes that are different from those taken by individuals working alone (Perkins, Jensen, Jaccard, Gollwitzer, Oettingen and Pappadopulos et al, 2007). This also has an ethical stance associated to it in terms of counterbalancing any personal judgments formulated (Morrison and Monagle, 2009). This is because indi vidual decisions are based on the narrow findings, so judgments can easily be covered by personal prejudice (Eccles et al, 2007). This will only serve the need of the practitioner more than the patient (Devettere, 2009). Effective vs. Ineffective Decision-Making Effective use of assessment information through decision making process is essential to improve the outcome of the critical care (Gambrill, 2005). The process of decision making can be seen from a variety of angles. Ineffective decision making may have serious

Friday, November 15, 2019

Photography Ideology Society

Photography Ideology Society For many years now sociologists, critics, and writers have been intrigued with the idea of photography and interested in the concept of ideology itself, as well as what ideologies have been or can be presented as using photography or visual representations. Both photography and ideology are strongly linked to sociological theories, philosophical theories and even psychological theories, but how is their relationship conceived? What has been discovered about how ideologies are presented within a photograph? And are they inevitable? Firstly when talking of the term photography, in disassembling it to its simplest form it is the process of recording pictures by capturing light on a light sensitive medium. This invention was believed to be extraordinary, as it was believed that there would be a bright future ahead of this invention based on the fact that moments could be captured in a single photograph. While photography goes far back to the 1820s, the word ideology was created and introduced by count Antoine Destutt de Tracy in the late 18th century. De Tracy defined his concept of ideology by simply stating that it is a science of ideas, it can be seen as a way of looking at things in terms of common sense or ideology in everyday society, through a normative thought process. The philosopher Michael Foucault wrote: ‘Ideology is a way of life for society In simple terms to define the word and to state that ideology was all around life in everyday society. Famous Sociologist and founder of Marxism, Karl Marx talked of ideology being an instrument of social reproduction in order for the elites to remain in control of masses, he states: ‘The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch of the ruling ideas which is ruling material force of society as at the same time is ruling intellectual forces Marx Engels, (1845) Marx and Engels states that the ideologies of society that are everywhere come from the ruling classes (which refers to those with power i.e. ‘the bourgeoisie) that they believe submit ruling ideas from the ruling material force of society which also rules the main academic or intellectual force. This could be applied to photography and its relation to ideology, their theories suggest that Marx and Engels would argue that mainstream photography could be produced to represent ideological ideas in order to benefit the elites. Another significant sociologist, Louis Althusser, (1969) looked at ideology and stated that there was an ideological state apparatus, he wrote: ‘Ideology, always exists in an apparatus and its practice and practices, this existence is material This may suggest that in terms of photography according to Althusser it can be seen as an ideological practice, as photography can also be seen as a practice and our our values, desires and preferences are all part of what he calls the idealogical state apparatus. And in summary if a photographer is capturing our values, desires and preferences in photographs this must mean that what is being reflected are our idealogical values, desires and preferences. It was not until photography began to be related to social exploration that photography became a form that could be discussed in a socially theoretical manner and could be related to concepts of ideology, when ideologies began to be identified in early photographs of war. In the beginning the story of photography began with just its technology. Writer Eugenia Parry Janis cited in ‘History of photography: the state of research wrote: ‘The story of photography would be the history of its technique This continued and it wasnt until the 1930s that photography became thought of as art. The model of photographic history as the history of its technical refinement continued to the twentieth century, nationalist overtones were most obvious in the 20s and 30s, as French and then German historians rendered increasingly factorial and self-serving versions of photographys first hundred years states R. Douglas Nickel, (2001). Photography gradually became reflective of society, but in the 1980s and 90s photography associated with social history, cultural history and theory. This evidently came after the work of Marx Engels, Althusser or (Barthes specifically on the concepts of photography itself and its concern with ideology in particular. Marxs work was Based on the notion of ideology, specifically, the idea that photography is not a medium of mere class of imagery but a commodity subject to the invariable distortions and ‘False consciousness that Marxist theorists state characterise throughout the super structural products of bourgeoisie culture. Marx also states that ‘capitalism traffics in photography is taken as pure ideology, an empty vessel of conduct for transaction of power relations. He states that picture photography is unconsciously ideological. Photography and sociology in particular have always had a strong relation and one of the most profound theories around photography is its ideology or its visual culture. When talking of ideology in a photograph one is talking of its sociology or the sociological theory around it that sociologists and writers have followed and researched. Photography and sociology have approximately the same birth date, and are both considered similar in terms of their work exploring society writer Rosenblum cited in ‘Photography and sociology writes: ‘Different kinds of photographers work in different institutional settings and occupational communities, which effect their product as an essential setting in which sociologists work effects theirs Rosenblum, (1973) In working in a particular place or community with particular surroundings, the community around sociologists affect the work they produce and it is the same aspect for photographers, in photographing a certain concept they are producing a photograph that is subject to its environment therefore it is unavoidable that ideologies would be projected. Becker, (1974) elaborates on this aspect, he states that the constraints of settings in which photographers did their work affected how they went about it, their habits of seeing, the pictures they made and when looking at society what they saw, what they made of it and the way they presented their result. Photography is somewhat seen as an exploration of society like said before, it can be used to find the reality of ways of life or hide them, and most importantly reflect ideologies within society like many writers argue. However another use photographs can have is telling the News, this has become increasingly important over many years, as they are used as a social exploration through photographic news journalism. Marxists would argue that some pictures or drawings in the news would be used to submit ideologies one example of this is the famous war picture featured in news papers which was used to recruit soldiers and had a soldier on it stating ‘I want YOU for U.S army. This picture was used to persuade young men to join the army to form an ideological opposition to defend ones country. Photographic journalism was around as far back as the civil war as Mathieu Brody and Horan (1955) photographed it, it was also largely utilised by the 1960s during the civil rights movements. Today photographic journalism can be used to form certain political ideas a simple example of this would be using the numerous pictures of leaders such as George Bush or Gordon Brown looking professional and dressed in a suit, this would provoke ideologies of civilised and democratic leaders whilst showing a leader such as many pictures of the late Yassire Arafat in an unprofessional looking position wearing his traditional head scarf would provoke ideas of a less professional man. Another example of ideology used in photographic journalism today would be pictures of young and thin looking models on the front magazines such as ‘vogue or ‘cosmopolitan which expose the ideal way a young lady should look in todays society. It is argued that some photographs have been based on political ideologies, it is evident that photography has a strong relationship with the concept of ideology, since the sociology of photography was explored, writers such as Roland Barthes explored this specifically in his work on mythologies to be precise which I will later explore. Writer Hadjincolau, (1978) cited in ‘the theory of ideology: bringing the mind back in Sates that a visual ideology is presented with both instances or exemplars of the system of representation in use (individual pictures) and with explicitly formulated rules of the system for example drawing manuals. In talking of the way ideology effects society and its subjects or products, Roland Barthes, (1957) in mythologies wrote: ‘The whole of France is steeped in this anonymous ideology: our press, our cinema, our theatre, our popular literature, our ceremonies, our Justice, our diplomacy, our conversations, our remarks on the weather, the crimes we try, the wedding we are moved by, the cooking we dream of, the clothes we wear, everything, in our everyday life, contributes to the representation that the bourgeoisie makes for itself and for us of the relationships between man and the world. One obvious ideological photograph that Barthes writes about is one of French imperialism, it is one of a black bow wearing military garments and appearing to salute the French flag on the cover of a French magazine named ‘Paris Match. It attempts to represent an ideological image that shows a French unity based on serving under the French flag and under France despite the ethnic origin or that fact that boy may be from a French colony. Barthes writes about his interpretation of this image in particular he famously wrote: ‘I am at the barbers, and a copy of Paris-Match is offered to me. On the cover, a young Negro in a French uniform is saluting, with his eyes uplifted, probably fixed on a fold of the tricolour. All this is the meaning of the picture. But, whether naively or not, I see very well what it signifies to me: that France is a great Empire, that all her sons, without any colour discrimination, faithfully serve under her flag, and that there is no better answer to the detractors of an alleged colonialism than the zeal shown by this Negro in serving his so-called oppressors. I am therefore again faced with a greater semiological system: there is a signifier, itself already formed with a previous system (a black soldier is giving the French salute); there is a signified (it is here a purposeful mixture of Frenchness and militariness); finally, there is a presence of the signified through the signifier. This photographs critique is linked to the concept of realistic vs. idealistic when talking of its visual culture. Photographs such as this reflect the ideal that French powers would have ideally liked to reach ain the 1950s, however even in contemporary France these issues are still evident and are reflected within visual culture. There is still a fairly clear divide between the French by origin and those from current or previous colonies. Pictures like these are produced everyday even today and as Marx Engels, Althusser, and Foucault would argue, those in power use the mechanism of photography as a way of fabricating ideology through visual art forms. However from time to time films such as Mathieu Kossivitz ‘La Haine (1995) reveals the reality rather then the ideal of societies such as the French society. La Haine produces some documentary like visuals and photographs that depicts the reality of French societies which disassembles the ideologies in dealing with contemporary issues such as integration, social exclusion, unemployment, or inequalities through visual imagery. This film was so successful and reflective of French society that French politicians and then president Jack Chirac organised a special viewing of the film within parliament. In discussing this, these issues only confirm that what we see from a picture like the one on Paris Match is constructed of semiological systems that reveals signifieds that have already been framed, which shows a clear signified from a signifier according to Barthes. Barthes mythologies also states that ideological pictures like the Paris Match cover were a signifying function created by a sum of signs that resulted in a myth. Relative to the Paris Match photograph Stuart Hall (1997) cited in the article ‘Illustrate and critically discuss the way in which semioticains problematise the concepts of representation by Roderick Munday,Hall states that the minority groups, or what he describes as people who are different in any way from the norm are frequently exposed to what he calls â€Å"binary forms of representation†. Examples of these are as he states them/us, black/white, good/bad, and ugly/attractive. He also states that minority groups or people who are in any way different are also expected to be both contraries at the same time. This is applicable to the Paris Match photograph as for example he is wearing uniform usually typically representative of white French boys yet he is black. It can be seen as a continuation or reemphasis of the traditional sense of representation as symbolising an abstract idea. An example of this is the representation of black people, and the possibility of them being viewed as the representation of white peoples ideas about them. One example of this is cited in Roderick Mundays essay and is a photograph of Linford Christie after winning gold at a major competition as an athlete in Barcelona 1992. As a result of this picture the British press could only focus on him wearing a tight athletic running suit and the apparent size of his genitals. This was an influence of ideological ideas and perceptions that black men in particular had large genitals. The ideology that black men had large genitals had been formed over a long period of time; Antonio Gramsci would argue has become a hegemonic belief, which means a popular belief amongst the majority or a hegemonic and ideological belief. One may be subject to thinking that if ideological ideas can be made about a photograph such as this, it can be made about any other photograph. When looking at this picture, like Althusser states a major ideological state apparatuses which is the media choose to ignore, they opt to sideline other representations within the photograph and focus of an a racial ideology. This suggests that as this is included in mainstream media many would have been familiar with this article and this could have influenced their views. However postmodernist critics state that individuals are not extremely influenced and can identify their own views, they argue that individuals are not that dependant or taken advantage of. Despite this argument in conclusion the British media chose to ignore the fact that he is holding a British flag and the representation of it, or the fact that his body language reflects his success his power and success or appreciation for the supporting crowd. Other work done on this subject is that of writer kobena Mercer, Mercer studied photographs of Robert Mapplethorpe that revealed photographs of what appears to be genitals of black man and their particular emphasis on their large size. Mercer wrote: ‘Mapplethorpe is serving a colonial fantasy, the sexual idealisation of the racial other Mercer, (2002) One photograph that Mapplethorpe produced was one that revealed a black man in a workers suit, with emphasis to his genital area exposed, from this photograph one could assume that the ideal is that he has large genital before the fact that he is just a working man. Mercers critic of his photographs argues that rather then taking the black man as a person Mapplethorpe is feeding the racial ideal. Amongst famous ideological photographs is photographer Joe Rosenthals 1945 Iwo Jima flag-raising photograph of for American soldiers raising the American flag symbolising the ideology of American nationalism, American power, and American spirit. One could analyse this image in the way that Roland Barthes does in a systematic way to uncover its meaning and ideology. Roland Barthes ‘rhetoric of the image states that there are three messages we need to ‘skim off. The three messages include the linguistic code, the coded iconic message, and the non coded iconic message. He looks at these three messages when analysing the ‘Panzani advert. When looking at the flag raising picture the first message is not evident within the picture as the picture does not contain any text therefore we must continue to the second message, the coded iconic message, this message looks at coded aspects which enable us to immediately identify just the pure image or any unconscious messages that have iconic significance. When looking at the ‘discontinuous signs as the coded iconic messages in Rosenthals image as Barthes calls them, the first instance the image represents is the notion of four soldiers who were currently engaged in a battle that ended in victory. The euphoric values within this photograph are firstly the idea of fresh success in winning the battle and celebration that will occur prior to doing so. The signifier for the signifier is the raising of the flag, one of the other signifiers the second signifier is the American flag itself representing ‘americanicity rather then ‘italianicity as Barthes describes in the Panzani advert. Another signifier would be the uniforms of the soldiers which would signify the immediacy of being in a battle and the equality amongst the soldiers. The third message, the non-coded message involves just looking at the objects in the image and the messages without codes or as Barthes describes this as ‘The literal Message or describing the simple structure of the image and the objects. The obvious non-coded messages within this photograph would simply be the soldiers themselves raising the flag in unity, and the American flag it self. The image has been one of the most famous iconic American images in history and has been reproduced countless times on, postcards, stamps, frames, and posters. The image is the representation of an American ideal, and of the fighting spirit of its soldiers that American forces talk off often. It also indicates the ideal of American power and how strong America is. However one of the reasons why I chose this picture as many believe that Rosenthal must have posed the figures in the photograph stating that he had told the soldiers to re-enact the flag raising for a second time. Rosenthal stated that this was not the case as he had first missed the first flag raising by soldiers but then naturally captured the second raising of a larger flag. Weather these allegations were correct or not, this may indicate a possibility that this ideological image used photography to submit certain ‘un-conscious American ideologies and ideas of patriotism weather done naturally or not. We may conceive that photography is being used to accomplish certain ideologies from the relationship that photography has with ideology. Discussing photography throughout its time and its strong connection with sociology in exploring society, it is clear that there have always been social ideologies and that photography has always been linked to them in one way or another, whether promoting them or challenging them, they are still used today. In simple terms we may conceive that photography just reflects most of societys ideas. This therefore insinuates that we may conceive of the relationship between photography and ideology as inevitable, this is exemplified in Roland Barthes analysis of the photograph showing the Panzani advert in the ‘Rhetoric of the image whenHe states that the advert promotes ideals of what he describes is ‘italianicity or the perfectly balanced meal based on what Italians eat. Therefore I ask weather it is possible to develop a photograph without some ideologies as Barthes states in his work on Mythologies, ideologies are all around us; in cinema, News papers, magazines and even the weddings we go to or the clothes we wear. Certain ideologies within any given photograph may represent a different ideal. I argue that even the least typical ideological photograph is an ideal of the ‘un-ideological photograph, or the ideal of an image opposite to an image seen as ideological. Even a photograph of mountains of sand in the desert photographed by photographer by Ansel Adams provokes ideas of Arabian nights, an Arabic camel walking to the beat of its humps, or Arabic Saharan way of life. This may be because we un-consciously relate ideas that are already set out for us as such as media or education Althusser would argue. Therefore weather or not we choose to use typical of un-typical ideals within a photograph to benefit our society and teach our society in the right way is up to us. Bibliography 1, Kobena Mercer ‘Reading racial Fetishiam: the photographs of Robert Mapplethorpe in eds. Evans Hall (1999) Visual culture: he reader London: Sage, open university 2, Becker, H. S. (1974) Photography and Sociology. Studies in the Anthropology of Visual Communication 1, 3-26. 3, Paris Match French ideology, Google images www.google.com accessed: 03/04/08 4, Lewis, W. (2005) ‘Louis Althusser and the Traditions of French Marxism Lexington books, 2005 5, Marx and Engels: The German Ideology Part I: Feuerbach. Opposition of the Materialist and Idealist Outlook http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ch01b.htm 6, Robert Mapplethorpe, Google images www.google.com accessed: 03/04/08 7, Joe Rosenthal: raising the flag, Google images www.google.com accessed: 04/04/ 8, Roland Barthes Rhetoric of the image in ed Wells, L (2003) The photography reader London, New York: Routledge 9, Barthes, Roland, Mythologies, London: Vintage, 2000 10, Trevor Pateman, ‘The Theory of Ideology: Bringing the Mind Back In http://www.selectedworks.co.uk/theoryideology.html accessed:02/04/08 11, Linford Christie: Google image www.google.com accessed: 04/04/08 12, Hall, Stuart (Editor) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, London; Sage Publications, 1997 13, Roderick Munday ‘Illustrate and critically discuss the ways in which semioticians problematise the concept of representation. http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/ram0207.html accessed: 04/04/08 14, photography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography accessed: 03/04/08 15, Roland Barthes: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barthes accessed: 03/04/08 16, Berger, John, Ways of Seeing, Hardmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd., 1972 17, Roland Barthes, Panzani Advert: www.google.com accessed: 02/04/08 18, Ansel Adams gallery, http://www.anseladams.com/ansel-adams-photography.html accessed: 04/04/08

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Study of Education During the Republic of Kampuchea

Having gained independency from France in 1953, Cambodia started construct its nation-state through paying attending to developing and implementing the educational field. New schools were built in both towns and rural countries. Higher establishments which the French had ignored to supply during its settlement were made into exist in the capital and a few chief provincial metropoliss. However, the most singular educational advancement wholly disappeared during the 1970s, particularly at the 2nd half of 1970s ( International Educational Journal Vol.5, N0 1, 2004, p.90 ) . After the prostration of Khmer Rough control and under the strong support from Vietnam and other socialist states in 1979, the People ‘s Republic of Kampuchea ( PRK ) led by Heng Samrin started to reconstruct the state from immense desolation of twelvemonth nothing ( Scholarly Journal by Gene V Glass, volume 11, 2003 ) . The freshly liberated government ‘s top precedence between 1979 and 1981 was to recon struct instruction establishments. Its policy on heightening instruction was in the interview with a senior instruction functionary who had been involved in basic instruction and instructor preparation since 1979: â€Å" 1979-1981 was a period of restructuring and rehabilitating both substructure and human resources. The restructuring and rehabilitation I refer was roll uping school- age kids and seting them in school despite the hapless status of the school and even carry oning categories in the unfastened air or under the trees. We appealed to all those instructors and literate people who survived to learn nonreaders. There were no licences or any high demands for keeping a teaching occupation. We merely tried to open school and literary categories ; we did n't care about quality † ( Scholarly Journal by Gene V Glass, volume 11, 2003, pp 6-7 ) . The instruction system used by the government was 4 + 3 + 3, which means pupils had to pass four old ages at primary school, three old ages at lower secondary and another three old ages at upper secondary 1. The system was implemented in answer to emergent demands for human resources for state rehabilitation. The chief aim of the system of instruction was to organize new and good hard-working citizens with a luggage of civilization, of proficient consciousness, of a capacity for work, of good wellness and of a radical morality ready to function Kampuchea revolution with efforts to construct a socialist province through the development of instruction. † ( Ayres, 2003, pp.137-139 ) The first school twelvemonth began on September 24, 1979, which was announced by Heng Samrin, the PRK president seting every incrimination on the about four-year Khmer Rough government led by Pol Pot ( Ayres, p. 126 ) . What really obstructed the quality of instruction, particularly at primary and high school degrees during the PRK from 1979 to 1989? To understand that, the undermentioned factors should be raised and considered. Initially, there was a bad deficit of good and qualified instruction staff for the state ‘s schools. The PRK claimed in 1984 that 75 per cent of instructors were murdered by the Khmer Rough ( Ayres, p.126 ) . â€Å" The state had merely 13,619 instructors, at a ratio of 1 instructor for every 53 pupils. Merely 4,000 had formal makings. In add-on to their deficiency of experiences and makings, instructors had other concerns like traveling about the state looking for losing relations they had lost under the Khmer Rough, believing about their parents who had died, hapless physical wellness, psychological injury, hapless memory and concentration, so the instruction force was certainly really weak. ( Ayres, 2003, pp132-133 ) . To promote school engagement, the authorities used the mottos like those who know more Teachs those who know less and another 1 was traveling to learn and traveling to school is nation-loving. Peoples with any degree of instruction who survived from the killi ng government was asked and encouraged to go instructors, professors, and administrative officials in the educational field. Potential instructors were given short- term preparation for one month, three hebdomads, or even two hebdomads and so started learning. ( Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, 1998 ) . Second, there was a monolithic registration of pupils at primary and secondary schools. For illustration, by November 1979, 716,553 pupils had officially enrolled in primary schools throughout Cambodia, which was impossible for the government to deviate resources to preparation and retraining of school instructors, doing schoolroom instructions at low criterion ( Ayres, p.132 ; p.138 ) Third, there was a deficiency of qualified instruction leader and direction staff at the ministry. One former functionary said, â€Å" because we did non cognize where to we should get down. We were lost † ( Ayres, p.129 ) . Chan Ven, the new curate of instruction, who had been a high school natural philosophies instructor, said that he and his qualified Kampuchean co-workers did non hold any thoughts and had no sense of where to get down and make. The most attending they paid to was to set the pupils in schools every bit rapidly as possible so that they could construct Kampuchea into a state of new socialist workingmans, and when asked about the enlistings and preparation of instructors, the quality of instruction and what would be taught, he replied that it was beyond the capacity of Cambodia ministry of instruction. They surely needed the aid of Vietnamese experts ( Ayres, p. 128 ) . The 4th point was the hapless status of educational infrastructure. â€Å" With every bit much as 90 % of the school edifices destroyed in Cambodia † ( Ledgerwood, J. ( N.d ) . Education in Cambodia. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.seasite.niu.edu/khmer/Ledgerwood/education.htm ) . Some schools had no Windowss, deficient furniture, so the pupils had to sit and analyze on the floor. The figure of school edifices and schoolrooms did non fit the big figure of the pupils ‘ registration. There were excessively many pupils that some of them had to take categories in the unfastened air under the trees, in antecedently used infirmaries, or at countries surrounded by mines and cemeteries ( Ayres, p. 133 ) . The following factor was the learning capacity of the state ‘s pupils. Many pupils were enduring from malnutrition or diseases, particularly malaria, that they had got from old old ages, and like their instructors, they had other concerns about looking for their surviving relations, believing about their parents who had passed off, their basic shelters, necessary nutrient, apparels, etc. , which could impact their learning memory and concentration ( Ayres, p. 135 ) . â€Å" In primary school about 30 per cent of the kids had no male parent, 10 per cent had no female parent, and between 5 and 10 per cent were orphans † ( Postlethwaite, 1988 ) . In add-on to the five facets mentioned earlier, larning and learning stuffs were in a bad deficit. Although some stuffs used in old governments were non wholly destroyed by the DK, those stuffs could non be used as the government used new text editions so as to accomplish their purpose. Some instructors used clay as a pen to compose on the board. Seven or eight pupils shared one book and a stub of pencil. By 1980, the Centre for Program Writing and Textbooks had produced 39 texts for the usage in primary schools, several for secondary schools, and a individual text for usage in grownup literacy instruction classs ( Ayres, pp, 129 ; 133 ) . Next, although the PRK held the power of the state, the government was non internationally recognized. As a consequence, the Kampuchean place at the United Nation phase was non given to the PRK, but to the authorities of the DK because the international community was non certain whether Vietnam had liberated or invaded Cambodia, which caused a hold in supplying the human-centered aid to the PRK, and the assistance trade stoppage that was to follow it, both impact the PRK government ‘s capacity to rehabilitate Cambodia and devastated Kampuchean people ( Ayres, pp. 126 ; 136 ) What is more is that the government chiefly aimed to construct a socialist province with socialist workingmans through the development of instruction. So, it focused more on higher instruction and grownup literacy instruction than the lower degrees ( Ayres, pp. 137-138 ) Besides, contending between the PRK and DK and its confederation still continued at Cambodian-Thai boundary line, so immature work forces were needed for national defense mechanism ( Ayres, p. 125 ) . Last, the course of study was non from the ministry of instruction, but by lasting instructors severally. The first schools opened were non province schools but private 1s. The lessons largely focused on literacy, and instructors taught from their memory as what Suon Serey, a instructor who opened her ain school, said. To sum up, the summarized factors mentioned above indicate intelligibly why the quality of instruction during the PRK was so hapless. Decision All things seen and considered, the cause of hapless quality of instruction at primary and secondary degrees during the PRK was chiefly resulted severely from the Khmer Rough government, and partially from the presence of Vietnamese soldiers in Cambodia during that period.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Booker T Washington: Fighter for the Black Man

Booker T. Washington was a man beyond words. His perseverance and will to work were well known throughout the United States. He rose from slavery, delivering speech after speech expressing his views on how to uplift America's view of the Negro. He felt that knowledge was power, not just knowledge of â€Å"books†, but knowledge of agricultural and industrial trades. He felt that the Negro would rise to be an equal in American society through hard work. Washington founded a school on these principles, and it became the world's leader in agricultural and industrial education for the Negro. As the world watched him put his heart and soul into his school, Tuskegee Institute, he gained great respect from both the white and black communities. Many of the country's white leaders agreed with his principals, and so he had a great deal of support. Booker T. Washington was a great man. He put his own needs aside in order to build the reputation of an entire race. He didn't do it by accusing and putting blame on others, but instead through hard work. Booker T. Washington cleared the way for the black community to fully enter the American society. Washington was born into slavery on April 5, 1856, in Franklin County, Virginia, on a small tobacco plantation. His only true relative was his mother, Jane, who was the plantation's cook. His father was probably the white son of one of the neighbors, though it is not known for sure. Washington spent his childhood years on the plantation, but since he was so young he never had to do the heavy work. He did the small jobs, such as carrying water to the field hands and taking corn to the local mill for grinding. This hard work at an early age instilled in him the values he would teach for the rest of his life. When the Civil War ended in April of 1863, Washington and his mom were set free. Unlike most of the other slaves, Washington had somewhere to go. His step-father had escaped earlier, and had gotten a job in Malden, West Virginia, at a salt furnace. When the war ended, he sent for Washington and his mom. Life was tough in Malden. â€Å"Drinking, gambling, quarrels, fights, and shockingly immoral practices were frequent.† Washington himself got a job in the salt furnace and often had to go to work at four in the morning. Washington longed for an education. A school for Negro's opened in Malden, but his step-father would not let him leave work to attend. Washington was so determined to get an education that he arranged with the teachers to give him classes at night. He was later allowed to attend in the morning, but would then work all afternoon and into the evening. Booker did not have a last name until he went to school. â€Å"When he realized that all of the other children at the school had a ‘second' name, and the teacher asked him his, he invented the name Washington.† A great influence on Washington was Viola Ruffner, the wife of the owner of the salt furnace. Washington became her house boy, where he learned the importance of cleanness and hard work, and pride in a job well done. He would use these principles for the rest of his life. â€Å"The lessons I learned in the home of Mrs. Ruffner were as valuable to me as any education I have ever gotten anywhere since,† he later commented. Booker heard of a big school for Negro's in Hampton, Virginia, and he decided to go there. In 1872, at the age of sixteen, he set out on the 400 mile journey to Hampton, traveling most of the way by foot. When he finally arrived, he was so ragged and dirty that he almost wasn't admitted, but he was so persistent that they finally caved in, and he was allowed to attend. He studied there for three years, working as a janitor to pay his board. At Hampton, Washington participated in the debating society, which helped him develop a talent for public speaking. He used this talent many times throughout the rest of his life. In 1875, he graduated with honors and returned to Malden, where he taught elementary school. Two years later he went to Wayland Seminary, in Washington, DC, where he studied for eight months. He then was asked to come back to Hampton to be an instructor. In May, 1881, the principal of Hampton received a letter from a group in Tuskegee, Alabama, asking for help in starting a school for Negro's there. They were expecting a white man, but when they got Washington, they were quite pleased with him. On July 4, 1881, at the age of twenty-five, Washington founded The Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. The State of Alabama had sent $2,000 for the teachers' salaries, but had sent no money for land, buildings, or equipment. The school opened with 30 students. Most of them had some prior education, but they did not appreciate household cleanness, which was so valued by Washington. He wanted on-campus dormitories so he could supervise and improve the students' living habits. The school found an abandoned farm nearby, but it had no buildings fit for living or teaching in. Washington and his students raised enough money for construction, and they built the first brick building. They also built a kiln to make bricks for future projects as well as to manufacture and sell to others. Tuskegee Institute and its facilities grew, and so did its courses in agricultural and engineering subjects. The Institute survived its early years only through the perseverance of Washington. In the second month of the school's first year, Olivia Davidson joined Washington as his assistant. She was also a graduate of Hampton and of a Massachusetts normal school. She was not only Washington's assistant but also a teacher at the school. She would later marry Washington. â€Å"No single individual did more toward laying the foundations of Tuskegee Institute so as to insure the successful work that has been done there than Olivia A. Davidson.† Washington believed in the â€Å"dignity of labor.† He emphasized the teaching of â€Å"practical skills,† like brickmaking, carpentry and dairying for the boys, and cooking and sewing for the girls. He believed thatNegro's must make economic progress, and learn how to make a living first. In order to raise funds for the school, Washington traveled all over the country, giving hundreds of speeches expressing his ideas and explaining his program at the school. He became known nationally because of these speeches, which led to many contributors such as Andrew Carnagie, John Rockefellar, and Collis Huntington. As for Tuskegee Institute, its success was beyond Washington's wildest dreams. At the time of Washington's death, 34 years after its founding, the school property included 2,345 acres and 107 buildings, with nearly 200 faculty members and more than 1,500 students. Tuskegee Institute had become the world's leader in agricultural and industrial education for the Negro. Booker's spirit and name live on long after his death. He is remembered and admired for his struggle for the black man. Tuskegee Institute still exists today and is quite well off, with over 3,250 students, about 5,000 acres, and an annual budget of $75 million. Booker T. Washington is a wonderful example that even if you came from nothing, you can accomplish great things if you try hard enough and are willing to make the sacrifice.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on Hunger For Memory

, free and clear from the humiliation of the outside world in openly revealing their speech deficiencies. He remembers the first day of catholic school being introduced by a nun as Richard. Rodriguez states â€Å"This was the first time I had heard anyone name me in English† (393). This was the beginning of the end of his Hispanic heritage. In school he felt isolated from the rest of the students and at this point he realized he must now embrace his American identity. Frightening as it may have been. Because of his fear of accepting and learning the public language, it would change the comfort of his family life. He would often hesitate when interacting with his fellow students. Several months later his teacher had noticed his lack of participation i... Free Essays on Hunger For Memory Free Essays on Hunger For Memory Journal Response â€Å"Hunger for Memory† Richard Rodriguez in his book â€Å"Hunger of Memory† writes about the psychological impact of lack of heritage in his adulthood for trying to blend both heritages, American and Hispanic in his childhood. His experience as a second-generation Mexican immigrant, growing up in middle class, predominantly white neighborhood where he felt the discrimination and his struggle with the English language. He also tells us about how uncomfortable it was for him to see his parents trying to speak English. He describes to us the two worlds, â€Å"The Spanish world at his house and the gringos, American world† that he lived for a period of his life in his childhood. Rodriguez says that he felt very comfortable at home where everyone spoke Spanish. Rodriguez states, â€Å"My parents would say something to me and I would feel embraced by the sounds of their words.† (396) It was his language, and the only one that made sense to him. Rodriguez points out how the languag e barrier both excludes the Hispanic and isolates them from the predominant society. He recalls sitting at the dinner table, joining his parents in mocking the pronunciation of English words, free and clear from the humiliation of the outside world in openly revealing their speech deficiencies. He remembers the first day of catholic school being introduced by a nun as Richard. Rodriguez states â€Å"This was the first time I had heard anyone name me in English† (393). This was the beginning of the end of his Hispanic heritage. In school he felt isolated from the rest of the students and at this point he realized he must now embrace his American identity. Frightening as it may have been. Because of his fear of accepting and learning the public language, it would change the comfort of his family life. He would often hesitate when interacting with his fellow students. Several months later his teacher had noticed his lack of participation i...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Economies of Scope and the Modern Technology

Economies of Scope and the Modern Technology Introduction: Economies of Scope as an Object of the Research The role of economics of scope has increased considerably since recently, which presupposes that the changes occurred in the given sphere should be considered closer and analyzed to understand the methods that enhanced the growing development of the given economics.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Economies of Scope and the Modern Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the elements that economies of scope are comprised of, as well as the effects that the recent surge of technological development, as well as the numerous technological innovations, had on the given entrepreneurship is of major importance. It is necessary to mark that the phenomenon of economics of scope must not be confused with the one of the economies of scale. Since the two phenomena concern the same sphere yet are composed of different elements, it is required to draw th e line between the two. According to the description provided by Parkin, Powell and Matthew (2007), â€Å"a firm experiences economics of scale when an increase in its output of a good or service brings a decrease in the average total cost of producing it† (227). However, the authors mark that both the economics of scale and of scope â€Å"can lead to natural monopoly† (Parkin, Powell and Matthew 2007, p.227). It is worth marking that Parkin, Powell and Matthew (2007) emphasize the importance of technological innovations for the economies of scale: â€Å"In a period of rapid and fars In the given paper, such economics of scope are considered as the Xerox Company, the U.S. Telecommunications Industry, as well as the local exchange company and local operating company are considered. With the help of the analysis of their peculiarities and development, one can come to the conclusion concerning the companies’ strategic operations, their tactics and the way the give n economies have utilized the new technologies that were at their disposal. However, it is important to mark the opportunities that each company had before the implementation of the technological changes. It is worth marking that Xerox Co. is one of the businesses that is developing rapidly and, hence, requires expanding, creating affiliates and managing them successfully. Speaking of the other sphere of economies of scope that are considered in the given paper, the one concerning the telecommunication issues, it is necessary to explain that in the given sphere, â€Å"the existence of economies of scope remains an important but ambiguous issue† (Banker et al 1998, p.254). Therefore, differences in the development of the given companies predetermine the complexity of the analysis, making the latter considerably objective, though. Tracking the Progress: The Role of the Technologies It is worth mentioning that in the companies under the considerations, the technological, innovat ions introduced have played quite different roles despite such common feature as the fact that the companies in question both belong to the economies of scope and, hence, are supposed to develop according to a certain pattern.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Economies of Scope and the Modern Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that in the sphere of the U.S. telecommunications, the economies of scope are closely interconnected with the rapid progress of the U.S. telecommunications, yet there is no tangible connection between the two; as the authors claim, the given elements impact the same sphere of financial issues, yet the connection between the two is quite vague: â€Å"Moreover,†¦ the evidence cannot adequately disentangle the effects of two factors that both reduce unit costs – economies of scale and technological advance† (p.256). In contrast to t he given phenomenon, the economy of scale that Xerox Co. represents offers rather substantial reasons for implementing the strategy that economy of scale presupposes. Grounding their ideas and suggestions on the current state of the company’s affairs, the managers come to the conclusion that the technological innovations that have been implemented so far require the change of the company course of n economy of scope, marking that the old model of operating the company does not suit the innovations in the sphere of technologies: â€Å"In other cases, though, such a business model will not fit the circumstances of the technological or market opportunity† (p.2). Concerning the Course of Actions: Strategic Implications Analyzing the specific strategies that the given economies of scope utilize to achieve the maximum efficiency and decrease the costs that they suffer, one must mark that each of the given entrepreneurships has chosen it sown pace and model of development, wh ich calls for another comparison on the efficiency of the given approaches. Nevertheless, it is necessary to comment on the strategic implications themselves first. Observing the specifics of the strategic implications that the economies of scale presuppose for the given companies, one can come to the conclusion that with the help of the strategies chosen by the companies, a rapid increase in the revenues is about to occur.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Because of the improvement of the technological issues, the companies in question are able to process the queries and complete the tasks several times faster; in addition, the surge of the income and the decrease of the raw materials used for the production of the goods of the given companies allows the latter to develop further, thus, creating sufficient grounds for the future expansion, the international partnership and even the â€Å"evolution of future industry structure†(Banker et al 1998, p.254). The Related Concepts: Discussing the Commercial Integrity Obviously, the issue of economies of scope and the technological innovations tat trigger the latter cannot be considered alone, since there is a number of factors dependent on the aforementioned economies, and, vice versa, the given corporations depend considerably on the issues intertwined with the problem of providing innovations in the sphere of economic and business. Crating the specific environment for the developme nt of the given ventures, one can claim with certainty that the success of the entrepreneurship follows immediately, which means that the elements of the environment that the companies in question operate in must be considered thoroughly. Introducing the peculiar details, one will be able to see the related concepts that contribute to building a successful business. Among the concepts of the kind, the commercial integrity takes the first place. As Chesbrough and Rosembloom (2002) say, â€Å"some scholars conclude that firms may indeed develop the ability to manage new technological opportunities effectively if they invest in integrative capabilities†¦, ambidextrous internal processes†¦, or complementary assets† (p.5), hence, emphasizing the necessity to create the commercial integrity of the economies in question. Hence, the integrity of the U.S. telecommunication companies cannot be doubted at the moment, which obviously leads to the prosperity of the latter, where as Xerox Corporation seems to have problems concerning the integrity of the company (Banker et al 1998), which triggers certain concerns for the company future. Hence, the integrity of the economies of scope is essential for the well-being of the latter. Conclusions: Economies of Scope: The Importance of Technologies Development Judging from the research conducted and the data obtained, one can come to the conclusion that in most cases, the transition to the development of economies of scope is predetermined by the necessity to implement certain technological changes and offer various innovations into the company. Therefore, the transition to the strategies of economies of scope can be considered a natural course of events for major companies like Xerox or the U.S. Telecommunications. With the help of the strategies that the acceptance of the economies of scope presupposes, Xerox and the U.S. Telecommunications can develop into larger corporations, keeping their integrity and creati ng the environment auspicious for further improvements and progress. Executive Summary In the modern world of economics, the aspect of technological innovations plays one of the major roles. Providing an efficient operation of companies, facilitating the work of the employees and simplifying the working process in general and certain operations in particular, the technological aspect is one of the prior issues in the sphere of economies of scope. Hence, the scale of the recent technological innovations, as well as their impact on the modern economies of scope, is to be considered. In addition, the general features of the modern examples of economies of scope are to be observed as well. Narrowing the research to featuring the peculiarities of several entrepreneurships, the strategies chosen by them, the tactics the businesses in question implement and the goals that they pursue, as well as analyzing the commercial integrity within the companies in question, one can come to certain co nclusions concerning the methods in which the modern economies of scope are operated and the issues that arise on certain stages of the development of the given economies. Hence, the general assessment of the current situation in the sphere of economies of scope can be conducted. With the help of the specific methods of research, precise data can be obtained, a thorough analysis can be conducted, and cohesive conclusions can be made. In the given paper, several companies that represent the economies of scope and utilize the correspondent elements their corporation strategy are going to be considered, their recent technological innovations are going to be enumerated, and the changes that have occurred in the given companies are going to be analyzed. It is important to mark that the given research focuses on the technological innovations used in the process of operating the economies of scope, and argues that for the economies of scope, the recent technological innovations can be cons idered as an efficient means of tackling certain entrepreneurship issues, namely, the ones concerning the efficiency of the company, the quality of the products and the efficiency of the staff. Therefore, the given paper claims that the current technologies are to be incorporated for an efficient implementation of the strategies of the economies of scope. In addition, the issues concerning the technological sphere are to be considered in the paper. Moreover, the social complexities are to be taken into account. Conducting an extensive observation of the given entrepreneurships, the paper offers profound conclusions. Bibliography Banker, D.R., Chang, H.-H., and Majumdar, S.K. 1998, â€Å"Economies of Scope in the U.S. Telecommunications History†, Information, Economics and Policy, vol.10, pp.253-272. Chesbrough, H., and Rosembloom, R.S. 2002, The Role of Business Model in  Capturing Value from Information: Evidence from Xerox Corporation’s Technology Spinoff Companies , Harvard Business School, Boston, MA. Parkin, M., Powell, M., and Matthews, K. 2007, Economics, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ.